![]() ![]() Expand permission model with service accountsĬlients are entities that interact with Keycloak to authenticate users and obtain tokens. External token to internal token exchange Internal token to external token exchange Internal token to internal token exchange Refreshing invalid Registration Access Tokens Initial Access and Registration Access Tokens Configuring a client for use with the Client Registration CLI Configuring a new regular user for use with Client Registration CLI Automating Client Registration with the CLI Example using Java Client Registration API OpenID Connect Dynamic Client Registration Docker registry environment variable override installation Docker registry configuration file installation Configuring a Docker registry to use Keycloak Setting the SameSite value for the cookie used by mod_auth_mellon Configuring mod_auth_mellon with Keycloak Installing adapters from a Galleon feature pack Using SAML to secure applications and services Open Banking Brasil Financial-grade API Security Profile Client Initiated Backchannel Authentication Grant Using OpenID Connect to secure applications and services Basic steps to secure applications and services Planning for securing applications and services For example, if you make an enum conform to the CaseIterable protocol, Swift will generate a special allCases array property for your enum that contains all the cases in the order they were defined. More annoying are the times when there is no sensible alternative. However, I find the extra code to handle all those impossible situations to be distracting, because they add clutter to our code that literally never does anything. I can see their point of view, and I’ve certainly thought that myself previous. ![]() Now, some people disagree and instead argue that force unwrapping should never happen. That’s the key here: you should never force unwrap something that won’t succeed 100% of the time. Hopefully you can see the difference between the two: one situation is guaranteed to work 100% of the time, and the other “should” work or “will nearly always work”. ![]() What does that isLuckyNumber() function do? I haven’t included it here because it doesn’t really matter, but it’s still some code that isn’t visible right here so we can’t guarantee that items will have any items by the time we call randomElement() on it. Let randomNumber = items.randomElement()! Compare that to using an unknown array: var items = () In this case, though, you can see that I’ve hand-typed the range so I know there will always be a number coming back, and again this cannot go wrong at runtime. RandomElement() returns an optional value because it’s possible the range or array we’re using it with was empty. Second, this code creates a closed range from 1 through 10, then picks a random number from that range using the randomElement() method: let randomNumber = (1.10).randomElement()! Compare that to using string interpolation: let url = URL(string: " That isn’t safe, and can’t be verified, and if given a malformed web address could crash. This cannot go wrong at runtime, and there is no scope for surprises. That is a hand-typed URL and I have verified that it’s correct, I’m happy to force unwrap it. These examples are drawn from real-world Apple APIs that you might not have met yet, but that’s OK – you’ll get the idea.įirst, this code creates a URL from a string: let url = URL(string: "")! I’m going to go into more detail in a moment, but I want to give you some examples of code that I’m happy to force unwrap and code that should not be force unwrapped. That might save you a line or two of code, but “that should never crash” isn’t a good enough reason for a force unwrap, and we can all do better. Remember, what you don’t want to do is risk a crash – you don’t want to force unwrap an optional only to find that it’s nil. However, in a handful of circumstances you might want to consider force unwrapping the optionals rather than using if let or similar. Optionals provide us with safety in Swift by stopping us from accessing data that doesn’t exist. When should you force unwrap optionals in Swift? ![]()
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